Covid in Kenya: The woman who refuses to be defeated by the virus
At the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, Josephine Muchilwa was working as a cook, but like many others in Kenya and around the world, she lost her job. Over the past year, BBC World Service Business Daily presenter Ed Butler has been hearing how she has coped.
“I don’t have any job, I don’t have a life, I don’t have any food for my kids.”
The stark reality contained in Josephine’s description of the impact of coronavirus containment measures imposed a year ago struck home.
Just days after the government had announced tough curfew measures to restrict the spread of Covid-19, this single mother, living in the overcrowded Nairobi neighbourhood of Kibera, set out the plight that so many were suddenly facing.
Her low-paid job in the kitchen of a local school went when pupils were told to study at home. She was left wondering how she was going to feed her family of four children.
“I’m just bargaining with God,” the 31 year old told Business Daily. “I don’t know what to do.”
But after hearing about her plight, a couple of generous listeners stepped in with a donation.
It was not a huge amount – about $150 (£110) – but it was enough to allow Josephine to launch herself into a fruit and vegetable business.
Travelling by bus to a big wholesale market in the centre of Kenya’s capital, she bought 25kg sacks of onions, tomatoes and more, bringing them back to Kibera where she began renting a small, wooden kiosk.
Josephine then started sending regular audio diaries from her one-room, mud-walled shack about her efforts to make the business work.
This was happening just as Kibera, which is a giant informal settlement in the heart of Nairobi, was being plunged into crisis.
Since most Kiberans work as housemaids, cleaners or drivers, they were disproportionately hit by the economic slowdown, as their wealthier employees asked them to stay away for fear they would bring infection.
‘The children can eat’
Nevertheless, at first, seemingly against the odds, Josephine appeared to be making it work. She would get eight, maybe 10 customers a day.
“At least today I received a profit of 170 shillings ($1.50),” she told me in one conversation last May. “The children are fine, they’re happy, at least they eat.”
But she was always battling the odds.
Josephine had no experience as a businesswoman, the district was under curfew, there were regular and violent police raids on anyone caught out after the restrictions came in and travel outside the city limits was outlawed altogether.
Plus she had her four children to mind and there was growing criminality and fear of sexual violence in the slum.
“The rape cases are increasing,” she said. “If I leave the children alone anyone can come in and do anything to them.”
And also, few people now had any income to pay for what she was selling. Her neighbours like her were out of work, living off what savings they had.
Then disaster really struck. Josephine contracted malaria and she had to borrow money for the treatment from a local money lender.
Rising private debt like this seems to be widespread in the informal settlements. One local pawnbroker, called Rodgers, told the BBC that he had run out of money to lend, such was the demand for his services.
Many were unable to repay the loans, he said, so he was selling on the household goods that they provided as security.
For her part, Josephine had nothing to trade.